Journey to Save a Crane


Sample Discovery Activity: Wetland Model

Cranes are sometimes referred to as the indicator species of their environment. They are given this name because if the cranes are healthy, then their environment is most likely also doing well. Their natural habitat is the wetland areas which are wet and soggy, with water and land mixing differently throughout the year.

Wetlands collect water from the surrounding areas and slowly let it pass through to streams, lakes, and oceans. During this slow release from the wetlands, many pollutants and sediments settle out of the water or decompose. If ditches are built through a wetland, then water would not pass as slowly. Excess water would quickly flow through, carrying pollutants and sediments all the way to the lakes, streams, and oceans. In this lesson, students will use two different models to see how wetlands operate.
Objectives
The students will:
1. use the videotape as the basis for discussing and listing the knowledge, techniques and strategies used by Dr. Archibald and the international team of scientists to study and preserve Siberian Cranes.
2. use a model to see how a wetland operates.
3. identify science careers.
Time Allotment
three 60-minute sessions
Materials
Journey to Save a Crane video
large pan
large sponge (about 4 x 7 x2)
soil
measuring spoons
containers with water
bricks
journals
pencils or pens
Advanced Preparation
Arrange the students into cooperative groups.
Procedure
Tap Prior Knowledge
1. Ask the students what they know about cranes. Why do they think cranes have become endangered? Accept all answers.
Share with Neighbor
2. Tell the students that they will watch a video to see how Dr. George Archibald and an international group of scientists are working to save an endangered species, the Siberian crane. As they are watching, they should think about:
a. What knowledge did the scientists need about the crane and its habitat?
b. How did the scientists get the knowledge?
c. How are the scientists using the knowledge to save the cranes?

3. View the videotape. Afterwards, discuss how Dr. Archibald might answer the three questions. Allow students a chance to talk it over in their groups before initiating a class discussion. List student responses. Save the list.

4. In the second session, view the videotape a second time. Pause at the suggested breaks to allow students to discuss the questions given below. Depending on the level of the students, you may wish to have students write their responses in their journals or use modified questions as a basis for class discussion.

The suggested breaks in viewing are as follows:
Part 1- Stop the videotape after Dr. Minnie Medagrin feeds the crane chick, and a map is shown displaying 12 time zones. Time: about 12 minutes into videotape.

Part 2- Stop the videotape after the injured, male white-naped crane is sent to Moscow. Time: length of this segment is about 6 minutes.

Part 3- Stop at the end of the videotape. Time: length of this segment is about 8 minutes.

5. At the end of the second viewing, ask the students to add to their list of Dr. Archibald's possible responses to the three original questions. They may hold discussions either in small groups or as a whole class. In the next session, they will build wetlands models.
Hands-on Activity
6. Distribute materials for the wetlands model to each group. Have the students begin by putting the brick inside of the pan. Put a little (about 1 tsp.) of soil at one end of the brick. This soil is the pollutant.

7. Hold the pan up on the end with the soil in it, and slowly pour water over it. Take the brick out and look at the remaining water. Have students describe what happened in their journals. Is it "polluted?" How much of the soil remains in the water?

8. Take the water out of the pan and begin trial #2. This time, however, put the sponge in the pan instead of the brick. Put 1 tsp. of soil, the pollutant, at one end of the sponge. Tilt the pan again, and slowly pour water over the sponge.

9. Record the results this time. Is it polluted?
Proposing Explanations and Solutions: Introduce the Scientific Concept
10. Ask the students how does the sponge act like a wetland in this model? It controls flooding and pollution by holding the water and allowing what is in it to it settle or decompose.

11. Explain that wetlands operate in a similar manner in nature. Much of the earth's water supply is stored underground. It is stored in cavities in the rocks and soil. Wetlands help to feed this water supply by collecting water from melting snow and rain, purifying it, and controlling flooding by letting water go slowly.
Home Activity/Parent Involvement
Wetlands provide a place to live for many plants and animals. These include mink, otter, muskrat, and beaver. They provide protection for cranes, deer, raccoons, pheasants, and are good places for fish to lay their eggs. Many kinds of plants grow in wetlands, too. Invite each student to choose a plant or animal to find out about and report back to the class. Encourage parental involvement in this research and even in the presentation.
Lesson Assessment
Collect the students' journals and check for completion and accuracy. The responses to the discussion questions should demonstrate the knowledge, techniques and strategies used by Dr. Archibald and the international team of scientists to study and preserve Siberian Cranes. Following the video, students should be able to identify science-related careers.

Each student should be able to explain how a wetland operates, and why it is such a valuable area for cranes and for humans.
Books to Read
Dodos and Dinosaurs are Extinct, by Julian May, Creative Education Society, 1970.
The First Book of Conservation, by Frances C. Smith, Franklin Watts, Inc., 1972.
The Lorax, by Dr. Seuss, Random House, 1971.
Watchers at the Pond, by Russell Franklin, Knopf, 1961.
Taking Action/Additional Activities
Talk about the special adaptations which plants and animals which live in wetland habitats have. Frogs and snakes have skin which is suited for wet surroundings; ducks have webbed feet; cranes have long legs, necks and beaks for wading through grasses and searching for food.

Encourage the students to write to the National Wildlife Federation, 1412 Sixteenth Street, Washington, DC 20036.

Invite representatives of various careers associated with the video to speak to the class.

Become involved in a wetlands restoration project in your area.


Use the glossary section to spark curiosity among the students. All of the terms are related to the video content. Allow the students a chance to choose a term or two and investigate it on their own. Illustrations, three-dimensional models, or written descriptions can be developed for each one. Then, as a class, they can all be arranged in a single concept map on the wall of the classroom.


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